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- Feature Test Macros
- -------------------
-
- The exact set of features available when you compile a source file
- is controlled by which "feature test macros" you define.
-
- If you compile your programs using `gcc -ansi', you get only the
- ANSI C library features, unless you explicitly request additional
- features by defining one or more of the feature macros. *Note GNU CC
- Command Options: (gcc.info)Invoking GCC, for more information about GCC
- options.
-
- You should define these macros by using `#define' preprocessor
- directives at the top of your source code files. These directives
- *must* come before any `#include' of a system header file. It is best
- to make them the very first thing in the file, preceded only by
- comments. You could also use the `-D' option to GCC, but it's better
- if you make the source files indicate their own meaning in a
- self-contained way.
-
- - Macro: _POSIX_SOURCE
- If you define this macro, then the functionality from the POSIX.1
- standard (IEEE Standard 1003.1) is available, as well as all of the
- ANSI C facilities.
-
- - Macro: _POSIX_C_SOURCE
- If you define this macro with a value of `1', then the
- functionality from the POSIX.1 standard (IEEE Standard 1003.1) is
- made available. If you define this macro with a value of `2',
- then both the functionality from the POSIX.1 standard and the
- functionality from the POSIX.2 standard (IEEE Standard 1003.2) are
- made available. This is in addition to the ANSI C facilities.
-
- - Macro: _BSD_SOURCE
- If you define this macro, functionality derived from 4.3 BSD Unix
- is included as well as the ANSI C, POSIX.1, and POSIX.2 material.
-
- Some of the features derived from 4.3 BSD Unix conflict with the
- corresponding features specified by the POSIX.1 standard. If this
- macro is defined, the 4.3 BSD definitions take precedence over the
- POSIX definitions.
-
- Due to the nature of some of the conflicts between 4.3 BSD and
- POSIX.1, you need to use a special "BSD compatibility library"
- when linking programs compiled for BSD compatibility. This is
- because some functions must be defined in two different ways, one
- of them in the normal C library, and one of them in the
- compatibility library. If your program defines `_BSD_SOURCE', you
- must give the option `-lbsd-compat' to the compiler or linker when
- linking the program, to tell it to find functions in this special
- compatibility library before looking for them in the normal C
- library.
-
- - Macro: _SVID_SOURCE
- If you define this macro, functionality derived from SVID is
- included as well as the ANSI C, POSIX.1, and POSIX.2 material.
-
- - Macro: _GNU_SOURCE
- If you define this macro, everything is included: ANSI C, POSIX.1,
- POSIX.2, BSD, SVID, and GNU extensions. In the cases where POSIX.1
- conflicts with BSD, the POSIX definitions take precedence.
-
- If you want to get the full effect of `_GNU_SOURCE' but make the
- BSD definitions take precedence over the POSIX definitions, use
- this sequence of definitions:
-
- #define _GNU_SOURCE
- #define _BSD_SOURCE
- #define _SVID_SOURCE
-
- Note that if you do this, you must link your program with the BSD
- compatibility library by passing the `-lbsd-compat' option to the
- compiler or linker. *Note:* If you forget to do this, you may get
- very strange errors at run time.
-
- We recommend you use `_GNU_SOURCE' in new programs. If you don't
- specify the `-ansi' option to GCC and don't define any of these macros
- explicitly, the effect is the same as defining `_GNU_SOURCE'.
-
- When you define a feature test macro to request a larger class of
- features, it is harmless to define in addition a feature test macro for
- a subset of those features. For example, if you define
- `_POSIX_C_SOURCE', then defining `_POSIX_SOURCE' as well has no effect.
- Likewise, if you define `_GNU_SOURCE', then defining either
- `_POSIX_SOURCE' or `_POSIX_C_SOURCE' or `_SVID_SOURCE' as well has no
- effect.
-
- Note, however, that the features of `_BSD_SOURCE' are not a subset of
- any of the other feature test macros supported. This is because it
- defines BSD features that take precedence over the POSIX features that
- are requested by the other macros. For this reason, defining
- `_BSD_SOURCE' in addition to the other feature test macros does have an
- effect: it causes the BSD features to take priority over the conflicting
- POSIX features.
-
-